Consumer Risk Perception

(image borrowed from internet thanks to owner)

Perception: the process by which people translate sensory impressions into a coherent and unified view of the world around them.

Consumer: An end user who buy a product and use it actually.

Risk: It is an uncertainty which is associated with each product.

Consumer Risk Perception: whenever consumer make decisions to purchase any new product there is an element of uncertainty about the consequences and a perception of risk is involved in most such purchases. Risk perceptions can be defined as “the consumers” perceptions of uncertainty that they face when they are unable to foresee various consequences of their purchase decisions’. The relevant risk dimensions are the uncertainty and the consequences. It is worth nothing that the influence of risk depends on individual’s perception. This means that the risk actually may or may not exist and even if a real risk exist and even if a real risk exists but is not perceived, it will not influence consumer behavior.

Several Situations may influence the consumer’s perception of uncertainty or consequences. For example, there may be uncertainty regarding buying goals, uncertainty about alternatives, or uncertainty about perceived possible undesirable consequences.

Consumers may face several different type of risks in making purchase decisions.

Financial or monetary risk is the risk that the product will not be worth of its cost. Expensive products and services are most subject to this risk.

Performance risk, which is associated with the possibility that the product will not perform as anticipated or may even fail that consumer wastes time in getting it repaired, or replaced. The risk is greatest when the product is technically complex.

Example and expensive computer.

Physical risk refers to bodily harm to self and others due to product usage. For example, food and beverage, electrical or mechanical appliances, or medical services etc. can sometimes prove risky. When cooking gas (LPG) was first introduced in India, consumers physical risk perception about it was high. Similarly some consumers consider the use of pressure cooker as risky.

Social risk, which means that a poor product purchase may not meet the standards of an importance reference group and may result in social embarrassment.

Psychological risk relates to loss of self-esteem or self-image as a result of poor choice and making her/him feel stupid.

Example: High-involvement category products or services.

The degree of risk perception among consumers varies and depends upon the person, product situation and the culture. Some consumers who are high-risk perceives or risk avoids, limit their product choices to a limited number of safe alternatives to avoid risking a poor selection. More often than not, they stay brand loyal to avoid risk.

Consumers who are low risk perceives or risk takers tend to consider their choices from a wider range of available product alternatives. They prepared to risk poor selection instead of not considering several alternatives from which they can make a selection. They are more likely to buy new products before they are well new products before they are well established. Risk takers are often higher-income consumers, having upward social mobility and show personality traits such as need for achievement. Dominance and change.  Help taken from book

Understanding of Intelligence (IQ - EQ - SQ - CQ)

Our current understanding of intelligence is one of the major barriers preventing our happiness and success. We must therefore each develop our intelligence beyond intellectual and emotional, to meaning and connection.

IQ - EQ - SQ - CQ

Theories suggest that the key to success in today’s world requires you to go beyond intellectual or rational intelligence (IQ), to that which is described as emotional intelligence (EQ).

EQ - Emotional Intelligence is the capacity for recognising our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in us and in our relationships. EQ is a basic requirement for effective use of IQ (Daniel Goleman).

As a society, we’ve realized that ‘no man is an island’, and hence we need to be effective at relating to others to be successful. Developing our EQ therefore helps us understand ourselves and relate to others more effectively.

However, although EQ may help you achieve a certain level of success, even if you’re building on a high level of IQ, it does not enable Unconditional Happiness. To achieve Unconditional Happiness we must develop along the continuum of intelligence to gain meaning (Spiritual Intelligence - SQ) and then connection (Cosmic Intelligence - CQ).

SQ - Spiritual Intelligence is the intelligence with which we address and solve problems of meaning and value. It helps us place our action and our lives in a wider, richer meaning-giving context so that we may assess whether one course of action or one life-path is more meaningful than another (Danah Zohar).

Developing our SQ helps us understand our purpose in life. And using this, it helps us better distinguish between the paths we may take toward gaining greater meaning. As with any journey, developing your SQ takes time and practice. It requires deep reflection and contemplation. But as your SQ develops and your new found meaning emerges, so to does a desire for more – you begin to understand and search for connection.

CQ - Cosmic Intelligence is the intelligence with which we understand the deep level of connection we have with all that’s in the universe. At the most basic level this is an understanding that our physical being consists of matter and that everything else in the universe is matter also, hence the connection. At the deepest level however, we are able to feel and fully experience the connection we have beyond a simple scientific explanation. Through our intuition that flows from our soul we are able to sense that all within and beyond the universe are one, and as a part of that universe, we are a part of that whole.

Extending the development of your intelligence from IQ and EQ to SQ and CQ helps you find your place in the universe. It helps you draw from and unleash the true potential you have that resides in your soul. And through this, you not only gain the meaning you desire, but you realise your ultimate connection with all that is around you.

By developing your intelligence and reaching the realms of SQ and CQ, you begin to Flow, with Purpose, as Yourself - through meaning and connection you begin to journey along the path of Unconditional Happiness as a deeply connected part of the universe.

Seven C’s (7 C's) of Effective Communication

 Completeness – 

·          Complete communication develops and enhances reputation of an organization.

·          Moreover, they are cost saving as no crucial information is missing and no additional cost is incurred in conveying extra message if the communication is complete.

Conciseness – 

·          It is both time-saving as well as cost-saving.

·          It underlines and highlights the main message as it avoids using excessive and needless words.

·          Concise communication provides short and necessary message in limited words to the audience.

·          Concise message is more likeable and comprehensible to the audience.

Consideration – 

•       Emphasize on “you” approach.

•       Empathize with the audience and display interest in the audience.

•       Show optimism towards your audience

Clarity – 

•       It makes understanding easier.

•       Complete clarity of thoughts and ideas heightens the meaning of message.

•       Clear message makes use of exact, reserve and concrete words.

Concreteness – 

•       It is backed with specific facts and figures.

•       It makes use of words that are clear and that build the reputation.

•       Concrete messages are not misunderstood.

Courtesy – 

•       Courtesy means taking into consideration both viewpoints as well as feelings of the receiver of the message.

•       Courteous message is positive and focused at the audience.

Correctness –

•       The message is exact, correct and well-timed.

•       If the communication is correct, it boosts up the confidence level.

•       Correct message has greater effect on the audience/readers.

Object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that uses abstraction to create models based on the real world. It uses several techniques from previously established paradigms, including modularity, polymorphism, and encapsulation.   

Object-oriented programming is intended to promote greater flexibility and maintainability in programming, and is widely popular in large-scale software engineering.

Terminology

Namespace

A container which allows developers to bundle all functionality under a unique, application-specific name.

Class

Defines the characteristics of the object.  

Object

An Instance of a class.

Property

An object characteristic, such as color.

Method

An object capability, such as walk. It is a subroutine or function associated with a class.

Constructor

A method called at the moment of instantiation of an object.  

Inheritance

A class can inherit characteristics from another class.

Encapsulation

A method of bundling the data and methods that use them together.

Abstraction

The conjunction of complex inheritance, methods, properties of an object must be able to simulate a reality model.

Polymorphism=Many Forms

Poly =many and morphism = forms. Different classes might define the same method or property.

For a more extensive description of object-oriented programming, see Object-oriented programming at Wikipedia.

Export XML from Excel 2010

Prerequisites

1. XML file with structure matching the Excel data - can be a previously exported xml file
2. Enable Developer tab in Excel main tabs. This can be done in Options - Customize Ribbon
3. 
   
   

Exporting to xml

1. Open Excel  file
2. If filters are enabled go to Data tab and disable them
3. Go to Developer tab and click Source which will open a sidbar XML Source sidebar. Click XML Maps... there
4. 
5. In the window that pops up choose Add map  then choose the previously generated xml, click ok  in the message box that says that it doesn't contain XML Schema, and click ok to close XML Maps window.

5) Drag over the Row element to the A1 cell. This will create the xml mapping.

6) Not the xml mappings are created. Go ahead and save the file as xml. File -> Save as and choose File type as XML Data.

Search Engine Optmization Basics Video

Amazing Search Engine Optimization basics Video

What is Web Accessibility ?

Web Accessibility: Dear friends, I am landing here with some of my thoughts about the Website/Electronic content accessibility. This is like a " B ‘day and B ‘day Cake “which everyone should celebrate and taste it or "It is mandatory for all agencies to make website usable for all type of users"

I have work out on web accessibility and got lots of information this is pretty well term to access website or electronic content for physically challenged peoples. This is basically an amendment by US Government how to make our electronic content accessible which comes under section 508. 

In August 1998 Us Government passed one law for electronic content accessibility, which is really helpful for disable, younger, older age internet users. It help the other users also whose are temporary disable (Slow internet connection, lack of devices etc.) It's really emphasized the user to access the content fast as everyone expect. We can use progressive enhancement also to access usable content from the internet, which is really helpful for all type of users.

Understanding the Four Principles of Accessibility:

The guidelines and Success Criteria are organized around the following four principles, which lay the foundation necessary for anyone to access and use Web content. Anyone who wants to use the Web must have content that is:

1.     Perceivable - Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive.

o    This means that users must be able to perceive the information being presented (it can't be invisible to all of their senses)

2.     Operable - User interface components and navigation must be operable.

o    This means that users must be able to operate the interface (the interface cannot require interaction that a user cannot perform)

3.     Understandable - Information and the operation of user interface must be understandable.

o    This means that users must be able to understand the information as well as the operation of the user interface (the content or operation cannot be beyond their understanding)

4.     Robust - Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies.

o    This means that users must be able to access the content as technologies advance (as technologies and user agents evolve, the content should remain accessible)

If any of these are not true, users with disabilities will not be able to use the Web. 

I will be back with my next article for you with some technology of information accessibility, how to make it for our Websites.

Will be back soon !!!

User Interface Designing

Dear Friends I would like to share some knowledge about user interface designing: We can design interface for any kind of Application may be a Website /Desktop /Mobile/Computer etc..  Which will interact with user the goal of user interface designing as simple and efficient as possible? We can make an UI (User Interface) for any kind of application and technology can be different so don’t worry we have to take care a balance graphics, code formatting, files name/Path name, common file can make a conflict error in application so we need to take care following things when we are designing an interface for an application all points are mentioned below:

File Name/Subject Name: (File should be easy and relative with their theme suppose we have one image like header.gif and we have given name as layout 1.gif/jpeg so it’s too difficult to understand  and we are using 2  js file for menu in our application first is for main menu and 2^nd one is for left/right and we have given the name menu1.js and menu2.js so it can create the confusion correct can be main_menu.js and for 2^nd left_menu.js I will suggest you friend never use {-} between the file name ever try to use {_} because sometime we can’t justify the space between the file name in browser’s and It can create error when we are running the application in the browsers ) 

File Path: (Be ensure about the file path suppose we are using 2-10 CSS files so it is difficult call these files from main folder where we kept the other HTML/JSP/PHP Pages so we should create the one folder with name of css and keep all CSS files inside this folder for images we need to create one another folder as img/images where we will keep the all images whichever have used in the entire prototype for Java script files we need to create one folder as js and keep all js files inside this.)

Inserting external files: (we need to take care for external files which we are calling inside the application page we give a proper path with their declaration if you will missed the declaration it can effective may will not work in all browsers suppose we are calling one external CSS file from the other folder what path is required like this 2^nd one is incorrect for js it’s type should be declared properly) 

UserInterface Controls : Yes Friends we can control our entire application interface by very few files we can create some CSS files for entire application and application can easily control by  this way suppose we have designed the header and have written the classes an ID’s inside the css this header we can apply wherever is required means in a one or more pages in future if we would require to change this look & feel /Design so we can easily make changes inside the css and changes would be applicable in the entire application.

Advatnages of CSS files in user interface designing :

1)      Easy to modify : we can easily make changes at a time without manual we will change our CSS file and these would be applicable in entire Prototype wherever we have applied the same class and Id ‘s in which we made changes.

2)      Low file size Yes friend we can decrease the file size because we are writing the classes inside the CSS and inserting all images inside the class or ID’s and in our page we are inserting only one file path so we can decrease the file size. 
Some Standard Rules of a good CSS: We should follow some CSS rules which have mentioned below :      Build and make your CSS in Firefox and safari if you are using mac ) 

•  Naming Convention (Dear fiends naming convention is a very essential  part of good CSS so I will request please use a good naming convention which should be easily understand and belong to that particular section) 
•  Avoid Inline Styles (Avoid inline style cause of that changes can be difficult or may be impossible  some time in entire Prototype/Application so please avoid to write inline styles) 
•  Avoid @import (with this we can importing some CSS files so it is better to avoid the importing files and keep the right path in our application page by this we can reduce the loading time of our application.)
•  Comments Writing in CSS  : Be Ensure When we are writing the comments inside the css we should be taking care of comments section in which we are writing it is relate or not with that particular section. 
•  Avoid Define Same Properties inside the Class and sub classes also : We are defining some classes and Id's as per our page requirements but some time we are writing sub classes and sub id's also so it is totally effect of your coding standard we should define one main id for a section inside that section we can write the classes and avoid to write same properties in id's and sub id's /Classes and Sub Classes also by  this we can reduce the code size and it would be easy to modify and  understand suppose we have defined the font properties into id then we don't need to call same properties into sub id's and classes.

What-is-social-media-in-SEO

What is social media in SEO?
The use of social signals means that companies that have social networking sites but haven’t been actively using them need to pump up their online activity. Since Google recently moved their social search results from the bottom of the page to the main body of search results, having an active social media campaign is more important than ever.
All SEO and other marketing professionals need to have a robust social media marketing program as it makes sense for their clients/company. They need to be producing quality content that followers/Fans are going to want to share and republish. It’s not enough to remind people of the company’s existence, social media marketing has to give users a reason to connect and engage. The better a brand reaches our across its social networking profiles, the more links are going to be generated, the better authority it is going to build for itself and the more likely the brand is to rank well.
It’s important to remember that social media and social signals are not the magic bullet to boosting a site’s rank. It’s only one more piece of the ever-expanding puzzle that determines a site’s importance and relevancy. That’s why companies can’t sacrifice their offline and other online marketing techniques in favor of social networking. Marketing campaigns need to be diversified so that is one section takes a hit, the others can pick up the slack (The recent Google update that took on content farms, for example). A well-defined and blended approach helps a company from all angles, steadily increasing its perceived value.
And it’s inevitable that because Google declared social signals to be a contributing factor of their algorithm, the spammers and black hat SEO practitioners are going to try to find a way to game the system. Just like content farms cluttered Google’s search results, it shouldn’t be surprising to see social search spam trying to take over. It’s already evident when companies create generic profiles to follow themselves in an effort to boost their follower/Fan numbers. That’s why Google is trying to incorporate author authority into the mix, to weed out those fake online personalities that exist just to endorse a brand/company. Companies should focus on attracting real, human followers to help promote and spread their messaging. Connecting with industry authorities lend credibility, both in the eyes of the search engines and consumers.

What is SEO Duplicate Content

What is duplicate content?
“Duplicate content generally refers to substantive blocks of content within or across domains that either completely match other content or are appreciably similar. Mostly, this is not deceptive in origin. Examples of non-malicious duplicate content could include:
1. Discussion forums that can generate both regular and stripped-down pages targeted at mobile devices
2. Store items shown or linked via multiple distinct URLs
3. Printer-only versions of web pages”
Identical or substantially similar content.
Within your own domain or across others.
Most of it is normal and acceptable.
So far, so good.
Why Is Duplicate Content a Problem?
How would you like to search for the best pecan pie recipe just to find that every single result on the first page turned out the exact same recipe?
Users don’t like the same result and Google doesn’t like crawling the same results.
For a search engine, it’s also a processing consideration. If there is substantial duplication, the crawl/indexation rates might be dampened. In short, the site can lose some ‘trust’.
Two Types of Duplicate Content
We all have our own ideas of duplicate content and most of the times they boil down to “Don’t republish the same article to multiple directories. Instead, spend countless hours spinning that same article to the point where it doesn’t make sense any longer and THEN publish it to a zillion and one directories. That will surely trick all the PhDs working for Google into ranking my site pretty highly.”
Now in the spirit of “being informed”, let’s take a look at the 2 types of duplicate content you see around, shall we?
1. Cross-domain type: this one is the most commonly thought of and includes the same content, which (often unintentionally) appears on several external sites.
2. Within-your-domain type: the one that Google is actually mostly concerned about, i.e. that appears (often unintentionally) in several different places within your site.
Let’s now do a little more exploring into each type and see what Google really thinks about it.
Off-Site Content Syndication
There is absolutely nothing wrong with syndicating your content to different sites per se.
NOTHING WRONG WITH IT!
Here’s what happens when your content gets syndicated: Google will simply go through all the available versions and show the one that they find the most appropriate for a specific search.
Mind you the most appropriate version might not be the one you’d prefer to have ranked. That’s why it’s very important that each piece of syndicated content includes a link back to your original post – I assume it would be on your site. That way Google will trace the original version and will most likely (but not always) display it in its search results.
Per Matt Cutts:
I would be mindful that taking all your articles and submitting them for syndication all over the place can make it more difficult to determine how much the site wrote its own content vs. just used syndicated content. My advice would be 1) to avoid over-syndicating the articles that you write, and 2) if you do syndicate content, make sure that you include a link to the original content. That will help ensure that the original content has more PageRank, which will aid in picking the best documents in our index.
Black Hat Syndication
However, here’s the other side of content syndication coin: the content is deliberately duplicated across the web in an attempt to manipulate search engine rankings or to generate more traffic.
This results in repeated content showing up in SERPs, upsets the searchers, and forces Google to clean out the house.
“In the rare cases in which Google perceives that duplicate content may be shown with intent to manipulate our rankings and deceive our users, we’ll also make appropriate adjustments in the indexing and ranking of the sites involved. As a result, the ranking of the site may suffer, or the site might be removed entirely from the Google index, in which case it will no longer appear in search results.”
On-Site Content Syndication
On-site duplicate content problems are much more common and guess what: they are entirely UNDER YOUR CONTROL, which makes it very easy to fix them.
The first step to identifying the potential weak spots on your blog is learning more about your content management system.
For example, a blog post can show up on the home page of your blog, as well as category page, tag page, archives, etc. – THAT’S the true definition of duplicate content.
We, the users, have the common sense to understand that it’s still the same post; we just get to it via different URLs. However, search engines as unique pages with exactly same content = duplicate content.

Website User Interface Design

Website User Interface Design : there are some important things which we should follow whenever we are going to design a website how much better it should be yep 1st you are a visitor of a website what have u visited there and what you need and what did you find the website yes you have visited more like text website graphic animations and others but you did not get whatever you require we should insert the graphics so that we can attract the visitors on a website but we should recommend how much easy to use this is for user.

Website user analysis 
Just think about the Web sites which you visit. And what did you analyze there. Is it enough for you suppose you are going to design a website for real estate website design then just think about the usability functionality of this User will not stay there more if you are not eligible to provide the right information which he need.

Web based application website user interface will consist primary of user entry because he will perform tasks such as configuring network, user-id etc. user inter face navigation elements needed to find there and execution should be well. The text size of user inter face would be smaller then the other website content.
And i perform some task as website usability design testing implementation user interface design etc.
According to website theme design : yes here I am describing some the special kind of user inter face design just web application user inter face design, content management user inter face design, networking website user interface design etc.

These are some of the questions that need to be asked during the up-front analysis, then again during usability testing.
• What would the user want the system to do?
• How would the system fit in with the user's normal work-flow or daily activities?
• How technically savvy is the user and what similar systems does the user already use?
• What interface look & feel styles appeal to the user?

Functionality of a website have a big role in the website design website functionality should be better and easier for user.

Information architecture of a website: it should be better and be systematic also so that user can get easily what he is expecting and he need.
Graphics: graphics is a essential part of the website user interface design it should be so attractive so that user will stay there and will use our services.

Note: the importance of user interface design in the website designing this is the initial part of website because it will focus the user interaction and experience. The aim of user interface design to make user’s interaction as simple and efficient and the best user interface will less the bounce rate of a website so that the search engine will not count spam visitors or spam website in SEO trade.

What is Search Engine Optimization

Search engine optimization : is a way to improving the visibility of a website in to search engine. how many visitors we are getting from search engine by organic SEO. There are other form of search engine marketing (SEM) but it’s target paid listing and frequently appears in the search engine results the all visitors are revive from search engine. SEO may target different type of search like Image search, video search local search so we can say SEO a way of improving website visibility in search engine.

The various parts of search engine optimization:

1. On Page Optimization
2. Off Page Optimization

On page Optimization : this is the various part of search engine optimization because because this is previous step of starting a web site optimization first we should do on page SEO whenever we are creating the website design we should follow some most things like :

Title tag : title tag represent the specific words or phrase Google will search a link when visitors target this.

Description Meta Tag :used to provide a brief description of a Web page, the Description meta tag should clearly describe the purpose of the page, for both the user and the search engines.

Keywords Meta Tag : this tag lists the words or phrases that are descriptive of, and found within the contents of the page. This tag provides some additional text for crawler-based search engines.

Heading Tag : heading tags represents what keywords we are targeting and we should define keywords in heading tags (h1-h6).

Image optimization and other tracts also include in on page optimization

Off Page Optimization : this is also various part of seo there are some tracts of website optimization in to search engine so some parts are :

Link Building

: Link Building is a so various parts of off page optimization where we can create some back link with our theme related link from other website resources there are some way included in the link building like directory submission, article submission press release submission social book marking and other also. When we get link building popularity then our website also get popularity in along the search engine.

Social Media Optimization Social Media Optimization is also a great way of getting : Social Media Optimization is also a great way of getting  Traffic and popularity in to search engine .